Overview of Canadian Aboriginal Women Trauma Caused by...

Colonialism is the main cause of trauma, intergenerational trauma, and marginalization of Canadian Aboriginal women who have lost their sense of health and wellness, which has led to countless disappearances and murders. Trauma can be defined as an â€Å"extreme, important event against a person’s body or self-concept† (Frideres, 2011, p. 80), and unless measures are taken to counteract the serious injury and harm caused by trauma it can result in the inability of a person to self-heal (Frideres, 2011). Trauma in Aboriginal people started happening over 500 years ago. This trauma is a result of cumulative emotional and psychological wounding resulting from massive group tragedies that have carried across generations (Wesley-Esquimaux †¦show more content†¦Ethnocide was a result of the changes brought by missionaries to cause religious transformation and cultural destruction. Without having access to economic resources after being stripped of their cultural prac tices, and their social structure being destroyed, Aboriginal people quickly became a marginalized group. Impoverishment, loss of any remaining control over their lives, degradation of the status of women, loss of the power of self-government, and re-education of Aboriginals in government-supported and Christian mission schools, are additional factors in causing the marginalization of this group (Wesley-Esquimaux Smolewski, 2004). Further marginalization took place in residential schools which operated from the 1800s until 1996. Aboriginal children were removed from their homes to be assimilated into â€Å"civilized culture†. Here many Aboriginals suffered from mental, sexual, spiritual, and physical abuse. Although colonizer began to strip the rights away from Aboriginal peoples early on, the residential schools continued to contribute to the profound impacts on the educational system, community, and the traditional family of the Aboriginal Nations (NWAC, 2010). Many childr en in residential schools lost anyShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael

Youth Justice in Canada - 750 Words

Youth Justice in Canada Juvenile or youth crime has become a controversial issue in the politics of Canada because of the huge disagreements regarding how the youths should be treated in the criminal system despite of the fact that youth crime in the country is lamentable. The controversy is mainly centered on the best and most suitable approach taken to handle the youth criminals and the severity of the punishment that should be given (Makarenko, 2007). In addition to generating concerns and dominating Canada politics, youth crime has also attracted huge concerns by many Canadians, especially violent youth crime. According to some statistics, youth crime has continued to increase despite reports by the police that offenses committed by people between 12 and 17 years have declined. In 2010, the overall juvenile crime rate declined by 7 percent relative to 2009 while violent crime dropped by 3 percent within the same period. The Youth Criminal Justice Act has contributed to numerous changes in youth justice in Canada including decrease in the rate of youth crime, changes in the way the society responds to young people, and development of humane and respectful ways of dealing with the youth. According to the data from Crime Severity Index in Canada, the severity of these offenses combined has been declining in the past decade due to a significant decline in the severity of non-violent offenses (Legislative Summary of Bill, 2012). In efforts to address the concerns ofShow MoreRelatedParental Involvement in the Youth Criminal Justice System in Western Canada969 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of Context In their article Doug Hillian and Marge Reitsma- Street examines parents’ involvement in the youth criminal justice system in Western Canada. Their study was conducting on ten Caucasian families nine of which were middle and upper middle class, with sons, involved in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The study was to determine the parents place in the judicial system, which appears to make it more arduous for parents, attempting to deal with the difficult task ofRead MoreIntroduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,1316 Words   |  6 Pagescity with a current population of 5,406,324 (Monga Bay, n.d.). In 1985, Canada had an estimated population 3,356,000 and an estimated population of 4,925,000 people in 2005 (Monga Bay, n.d.). The fluctuation in population reflects a simple change in number over time and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice system. Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with courtRead Moreimprovements of our youth criminal justice system Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about youth crime do you envision a country with a high rate of young offenders, gang activity and re-offending? Or do you envision a country with a significant increase of young offenders either being successfully reintegrated into society, or helped by a community when seeking forgiveness for a minor offence that they have committed? Since the passing of Bill C-7 or the Youth Criminal Justice Act on February 4, 2002 by the House of Commons, many significant improvements have beenRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 Pagespolicies and economic system. Along with the inclusive developments, â€Å"the law affects nearly every aspect of our lives every day† (â⠂¬Å"Canada’s System of Justice†, 2015, p. 1), including laws for crimes, rules of conduct, and solutions of conflicts. As one of the developed countries among the world, Canada’s national government has developed a complete justice system with a series of laws, sentences, punishments, and programs. This system is aiming to avoid the occurrence of crimes, protect citizens’ safetyRead MoreThe Canadian Juvenile Justice System Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesYouth and juvenile crime is a common and serious issue in current society, and people, especially parents and educators, are pretty worried about the trend of this problem. According to Bala and Roberts, around 17% of criminals were youths, compared to 8% of Canadian population ranging between 12 to 18 years of age between 2003 and 2004 (2006, p37). As a big federal country, Canada has taken a series of actions since 1908. So far, there are three justice acts in the history of Canadian juvenile justiceRea d MoreThe Youth Criminal Justice Act879 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice† –Abraham Lincoln Why is it that gardeners spend so much time nurturing their precious flowers? Perhaps the answer lies in the satisfaction which is gained from raising beautiful blooms. In like manner, Canada’s government believes that their flourishing youth deserve care and support in their journey of learning morals. The Youth Criminal Justice Act is a system which enforces the punishment of teenagers from the ages of 12-17Read MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act881 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), some would argue that there is no purpose for it. Some believe that the age boundary is inappropriate; some believe that children should not have reduced sentences and special rights; and some may think that a youth’s criminal record should be accessible in the future. If one would look at all of the positive aspects, statistics, and examples that apply to the YCJA, then they would better appreciate the statute that applies to the young adults of Canada. Read MoreHow Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect, the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and rehabilitate the adolescents that get intoRead MoreThe Justice And Restorative Justice1621 Words   |  7 Pagesvictim s’ perspective (Choi, Green, and Gilbert 337). Policies and practices for youths need to fulfill more than entrapment and punishment, providing rationale for restorative justice (337). Crimes committed by young individuals are often minor, first-time acts which can be mediated and addressed through the proactive administration of restorative rehabilitation, which often prevents recidivism. Restorative justice is a process w here all parties involved in a particular offense come together inRead MoreEssay On Youth Crime1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal activities done by youth who are under age of eighteen is called youth crime. There are many types of crime which are done by youth. Property crime, drug offences, violent crime, common assault, mischief, break and enter, sexual assault, robbery all are included in crimes that youth mostly do. Mostly youth commit crime by involving more than one person. In this paper, I will discuss different type of crime that youth do, how Parental status effect youth to commit a crime, how government

Individual and Group Test of Intelligence Free Essays

Individual vs group test Individual intelligence tests * There are two major types of intelligence test, those administered to individuals and thsoe administered to groups. * The two main individual intelligence tests are the: Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (see Murphy Davidshofer, 2001, Chap. 13) Wechsler tests, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual and Group Test of Intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. WISC for children and WAIS for adults (see Murphy Davidshofer, 2001, Chap. 13) * These are individual intelligence tests which require one-on-one consultation with the child. The tests involve various verbal and non-verbal subtests which can be combined to give an overall IQ, but which also provide valuable separate subtest scores and measures based on the behavioural responses of the child to the test items. * Some of the content of these tests is clearly culture-loaded, hence there is the:Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children – a more recent test which attempts to minimize cultural bias. The test also attempts to separate crystallised and fluid intelligence. Group intelligence tests * Group-administered intelligence tests involve a series of different problems and are generally used in mass testing situations such as the military and schools. * Examples of group tests are: Multidimensional Aptitude Battery, The Cognitive Abilities test, Scholastic Assessment Tests * There has been a trend towards the use of multiple choice items. Many of theses tests have separately timed sub-tests. A major distinction made between types of items is verbal and non-verbal. In recent years there has been a trend away from verbal and mathematical items towards non-verbal represented problems in pictures. * Part of the reason for shifting away from verbal-based tests, in particular, is the issue of culture-loading. Advantages of group tests: * can be administered to very large numbers simultaneously * simplified examiner role scoring typically more objective * large, representative samples often used leading to better established norms Disadvantages of group tests: * examiner has less opportunity to establish rapport, obtain cooperation, and maintain interest * not readily detected if examinee tired, anxious, unwell * evidence that emotionally disturbed children do better on individual than group tests * examinee’s responses more restricted normally an individual is tested on all items in a group test and may become boredo m over easy items and frustrated or anxious over difficult items * Individual tests typically provide for the examiner to choose items based on the test takers prior responses – moving onto quite difficult items or back to easier items. So individual tests offer more flexibility. How to cite Individual and Group Test of Intelligence, Essay examples

Antifungal Drug

Question: Describe about antifungal drug? Answer: 1. Ms. Unger is prescribed amphotericin B since she is suffering from Aspergillosis pneumonia. Aspergillosis is a fungal species that causes pneumonia in patients. Amphotericin B is a antifungal drug that is used intravenously for fungal infections and may be considered as the only proper treatment for fungal infections (Tripathi, 2013). 2. The contraindications for Amphotericin B are kidney disease, low amount of magnesium, low amount of potassium, increased mast cells. Hypersensitivity to the drug is also to be considered. 3. Some other drugs other than Amphotericin B that can be given to the patient include oral Itraconazole. This drug provides complete or partial resolution of Aspergillosis infection. Other drugs may include Caspofungin and Voriconazole. Itraconazole is an antifungal agent that may be given orally or intravenously. This drug has a broader spectrum of activity and is, in particular, effective against Aspergillus. Caspofungin is effective against invasive Aspergillosis and is an empirical therapy. In patients with disease in the refractory state, this drug can be used. Voriconazole is the antifungal medication that is used to treat invasive and serious fungal infections. These are mainly used in patients who are immunocompromised and have invasive aspergillosis (Brown et al., 2012). 4. Core variables that are usually considered while assessing the drug therapy of a patient are the lifestyle, lifespan, habits, diet, inherited traits, culture and environment (Lam et al., 2015). For the treatment of the patient, in this case, the patient variables that are to be considered are blood count and vital signs. 5. Some aspects of core drug knowledge that are especially relevant to consider because of the interaction with patient variables are pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutics, and pharmacotherapeutics. Pharmacokinetics is the changes occurring to the drug when it is inside the body. Pharmacotherapeutics is the desired therapeutic effect of the drug and pharmacodynamics is the impact of the drug on the body of the patients. 6. The findings from the nursing assessment that demonstrate the effectiveness of drug therapy with Amphotericin B are normal levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and creatinine. 7. The findings from the nursing assessment that demonstrate the potential adverse effects of Amphotericin B are the body temperature of 103.1 degree F and pulse rate at 120 bpm. The common side effects of Amphotericin B drug therapy are fever and irregular heartbeats. The normal body temperature of a human is 98.6 degrees F, and the normal pulse rate of a person is 80 to 100 bpm (Hall, 2015). 8. Several nursing actions are indicated to maximize therapeutic effects. These include proper administration of drugs, regular and effective monitoring of the patient, checking the vital signs on a regular basis, giving proper diet and consulting the physician in cases of emergencies. 9. Several nursing actions are indicated to minimize therapeutic effects. These include medication error while administration of drugs, irregular monitoring of the patient, improper diet. 10. The patient has to be taught about the drug therapies that are used for her. The main feature that the patient needs to be taught is the side effects of the drugs. The patient has to be informed that she must not stop taking the medications without consultation of the physician. She must be reporting at the earliest when any symptoms of side effects occur. The patient must be taught to respond appropriately to the medications. Referecnes Brown, G. D., Denning, D. W., Gow, N. A., Levitz, S. M., Netea, M. G., White, T. C. (2012). Hidden killers: human fungal infections.Science translational medicine,4(165), 165rv13-165rv13. Hall, J. E. (2015).Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lam, A. C., Shivanand, P., Ayer, A. D., Hatamkhany, Z., Weyers, R. G., Gupta, S. K., ... Wright, J. D. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,000,038. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Tripathi, K. D. (2013).Essentials of medical pharmacology. JP Medical Ltd.